Toluene | 108-88-3 ib
Product Physical Data:
| Khoom npe | Toluene |
| Cov khoom | Tsis muaj xim pob tshab kua nrog cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ib yam li benzene |
| Melting Point (° C) | -94.9 |
| Boiling Point(° C) | 110.6 ib |
| Relative density (Dej = 1) | 0.87 ib |
| Relative vapor density (air = 1) | 3.14 |
| Saturated vapor siab (kPa) | 3.8(25° C) |
| Thaum tshav kub kub combustion (kJ / mol) | -3 910.3 |
| Qhov kub thiab txias (°C) | 318.6 ib |
| Critical siab (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Octanol / dej faib coefficient | 2.73 ib |
| Flash point (°C) | 4 |
| Ignition kub (°C) | 480 |
| Upper tawg txwv (%) | 7.1 |
| Tsawg tawg txwv (%) | 1.1 |
| Solubility | Insoluble hauv dej, miscible nrog benzene, cawv, ether thiab lwm yam organic solvents. |
Khoom Properties:
1.Oxidised rau benzoic acid los ntawm cov oxidising muaj zog xws li poov tshuaj permanganate, poov tshuaj dichromate thiab nitric acid. Benzoic acid kuj tau txais los ntawm oxidation nrog huab cua los yog oxygen nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst. Benzaldehyde yog tau los ntawm oxidation nrog manganese dioxide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sulfuric acid ntawm 40 ° C los yog tsawg dua. Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalysed los ntawm npib tsib xee lossis platinum ua methylcyclohexane. Toluene reacts nrog halogens los ua o- thiab para-halogenated toluene siv txhuas trichloride los yog ferric chloride ua catalysts. Nyob rau hauv tshav kub thiab lub teeb, nws reacts nrog halogens tsim benzyl halide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog nitric acid tsim o- thiab para-nitrotoluene. Yog tias nitrified nrog cov kua qaub sib xyaw (sulphuric acid + nitric acid) 2,4-dinitrotoluene tuaj yeem tau; txuas ntxiv nitration tsim 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation ntawm toluene nrog concentrated sulfuric acid los yog fuming sulfuric acid tsim o- thiab para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. Nyob rau hauv lub catalytic kev txiav txim ntawm txhuas trichloride los yog boron trifluoride, toluene raug alkylation nrog halogenated hydrocarbons, olefins, thiab cawv kom muab ib tug sib tov ntawm alkyl toluene. Toluene reacts nrog formaldehyde thiab hydrochloric acid hauv chloromethylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim o- lossis para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Stability: ruaj khov
3. Cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub:Soxidants, acids, halogens
4.Polymerisation txaus ntshai:Tsis yog polymerisation
Khoom siv:
1.Nws yog dav siv los ua cov organic hnyav thiab cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj hluavtaws, xim, cob, dyestuff, explosives thiab tshuaj tua kab.
2.Toluene tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov benzene thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv tshuaj. Xws li cov xim, varnishes, lacquers, adhesives thiab number case manufacturing kev lag luam thiab cov thinner siv nyob rau hauv formulation ntawm cov dej, resin solvents; chemical thiab manufacturing solvents. Nws tseem yog cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj synthesis. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov roj av kom nce octane, thiab ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov xim, inks thiab nitrocellulose. Tsis tas li ntawd, toluene muaj zoo solubility ntawm cov organic teeb meem, yog cov organic hnyav nrog ntau yam kev siv. Toluene yooj yim rau chlorinate, tsim benzene & mdash; chloromethane lossis benzene trichloromethane, lawv yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo hauv kev lag luam; nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim rau nitrate, tsim p-nitrotoluene los yog o-nitrotoluene, lawv yog raw cov ntaub ntawv rau dyes; nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim rau sulphonate, tsim o-toluenesulphonic acid los yog p-toluenesulphonic acid, lawv yog raw cov ntaub ntawv los ua dyes los yog saccharine ntau lawm. Toluene vapor sib xyaw nrog huab cua los tsim cov khoom tawg, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua rau TST tawg.
3.Leaching tus neeg sawv cev rau cov khoom cog. Siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntau raws li ib tug hnyav thiab raws li ib tug additive rau high-octane petrol.
4.Ua raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam reagent, xws li cov kuab tshuaj, cov khoom siv rho tawm thiab cov khoom sib cais, cov tshuaj chromatographic reagents. Kuj tseem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab siv rau hauv dyes, spices, benzoic acid thiab lwm yam organic synthesis.
5.Siv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm doped roj av thiab raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov toluene derivatives, explosives, dye intermediates, tshuaj thiab hais txog.
Cov ntawv khaws cia khoom:
1. Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, cua txias.
2. Khaws kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab cua sov.
3.Qhov kub cia yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 37 ° C.
4. Khaws lub thawv kaw.
5.Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm oxidizing, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw.
6.Siv cov khoom tawg-pov thawj teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov chaw ua pa.
7. Txwv tsis pub siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej uas yooj yim los tsim cov pob zeb.
8.Qhov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev thiab cov khoom siv vaj tse tsim nyog.
